Types of writtng Test

1. Multiple-choice Test

Multiple-choice test consist of a statement or a notifacation of an incomplete understanding. To complete it must choose one of saveral possible answers that have been provided. Or multiple choice tests consist of a descreption part (stem) and the possible answers or altrnatives (option). Possible answer comprises one correct answer is an answer key and a few detractors.


 Suggestions for multiple-choice test items
1. When possible, state the stem as a direct question rather than as an incomplete statement.
Undesirable : Alloys are ordinarily provided by……
Desirable : How are alloys ordinarily produced?

2. Present a definite, explicit and singular question or problem in the stem.
Undesirable : Pysycology…
Desirable : What is the science of mind and behavior called?

3. Eliminate excessive verbiage or irrelevant information from the stem
Undesirable : While ironing her formal, Jane burned her hand accidentally on
the hot iron. This was due to transfer of heat by……
Desirable : Which of the following ways of heart transfer explains why
Jane’s hand was burned after she touched a hot iron?

4. Include in the stem any words that might otherwise be repeated in each alternative.
Undesirable : In national elections in the United State the President is officially.
a. Chosen by the people
b. Chosen by the members of congress
c. Chosenby the House of Representatives
d. Chosen by Electoral Collage
Desirable : in national electors in the Unites State the Prisedent is officially
chose by ……………….?
a. the people
b. the House of Representatives
c. Member of Congress
d. The Electoral collage

5. Use negatively stated stems sparingly. When used, underline or copitalize the negative word.
Undesirable : Which of the following is not cited as an accomplishment of the
Kennedy administration?
Desirable : Which of the following is not cited as an accomplishment of the
Kennedy administration?

 The advantages in using Multiple-choice test

Multiple-choice test can provide:
1. Versatility in measuring all levels of cognitive ability.
2. Scoring efficiency and accuracy
3. Highly reliable test scores.
4. Objective measurement of student achievement or ability
5. A reduced guessing factor when compared to true – false test.
6. A wide sampling of content or objectives.
7. Different response alternative which can provide diagnostic feedback.

 The disadvantages in using Multiple-choice test
1. Multiple-choice test are difficult and more consuming to construct
2. Multiple-choice lead an instructor to favour simple recall of facts.
3. Multiple-choice place a high degree of dependence on the students reading ability and instructors writing ability.


2. True-false Tests
Problem because the form of stament. The statement is correct and there is nothing wrong. The person in charge was asked to mark each statement by circling the letter T if the statement is correct/ true in his opinion and cirling the letter F if the statement is wrong / false.

 Suggestion for true-false test
1. Express the item statement as simply and a clearly as possible.
Undesirable : Which you can see a highway with a marker that reads,
“Interstate does ” you know that contruction and upkeep of that
road is maintained by The state and federal government.
Desirable : The conviction and maintenance of insterstate highywat is
provided by both state and federal government.

2. Base true-false item upon statements that are absolutelt true or false, without qualifications or exceptions.
Undesirable : Nearsightedness is hereditary in origin.
Desirable : Genetics and eye specialists believe that the predisposition to
Nearsightedness I hereditary.

3. Include enough background onformation and qualifications so that the ability to respond correctly the item does not depend on some special, uncommond knowledge.
Undesirable : The second principle of education is that the individual gathers
Knowledge
Desirable : According to John Dewey, the second principle of education is
that the individual gathers knowledge.

4. Express a single idea in each test item.
Undesirable : Water wil boil at a hinger temperature if the athmospheric
pressure on its surface is increased and more heat is applied to the
container.
Desirable : Water wil boil at a hinger temperature if the athmospheric
pressure on its surface is increased or water will boil at a higher
temperature if more heat is applied to the container.

5. Avoid lifting statement fronm the text, lecture, or other materials so that memory alone will permit a correct answer.
Undersirable : For every action there is an oppsite and equal reaction.
Desirable : If you were to stand in a canoe and rhrow a life jacket forward to
Another canoe, chances are your canoe would jerk backward.

 The advantages in using true-false test.
True-false items can provide:
1. Scoring efficiency & accuracy
2. The widest sampling of content or objectives per unit of testing time.
3. Versatility in measuring all levels of cognitive ability.
4. Highly reliable test scores.
5. An objective measurement of student achievement or ability.

 Disadvantages in using true-false test.
1. Can often lead an instructor to write ambiguous statements due to the difficulty of writitng are unequivocally true or false.
2. Do not discriminate between students of varying abililty as well as other item type.
3. Can often include more irrelevant clues than do other item types.
4. Incorporate an extemely high guessing factor. For simple true-false items, each student has a 50/50 chance of correctly answering the item without any knowledge of the items content.
5. Can often lead an instructor to testing of trivial knowledge.

3. Completion Test (Field tests)
We would call completion test by the item field tests, the tests complete, or complete the test. Completion test consist of sentences that are its parts are removed. The omitted or be filled BT students is an understanding that we ask of student.

 Suggestions for completion test items.
1. Do not omit so many words from the statement that the intended meaning is lost.
Undesirable : the were to Egypt as the were to Persia and as
Were to the early tribes of Israel.
Desirable : The Pharaohs were to Egypt as the were to Persia an as were to
The early tibes to Israel.
2. Omit only significant words from the statement.
Undesirable : Every atom has a central (core) called nucleus.
Desirable : Every atom has a central core called a (n) nucleus.


 The advantages in using Completion tests.
Completion test items can provides:
1. A wide sampling of content.
2. Minimize guessing as compared to multiple-choice or true –false items
3. Effeciently measure lower levels of cognitives ability.
4. Usually provide an objectivfe measure of student achievement or ability

 Disadvantages in using Completion tests.
Completion test items:
1. Are difficult to contruct so that the desired response is clearly indicated.
2. Can often include more irrelevent clues than do other item types.
3. Is more time consuming so score when compared to multiple-choice or true-false items.
4. Have difficulty measuring learning objectives requiring more than simple recall of information.
5. Are more difficult to score since more than one answer may have to be considered correct if the item was not properly written.

Types of writtng Test

1. Multiple-choice Test

Multiple-choice test consist of a statement or a notifacation of an incomplete understanding. To complete it must choose one of saveral possible answers that have been provided. Or multiple choice tests consist of a descreption part (stem) and the possible answers or altrnatives (option). Possible answer comprises one correct answer is an answer key and a few detractors.


 Suggestions for multiple-choice test items
1. When possible, state the stem as a direct question rather than as an incomplete statement.
Undesirable : Alloys are ordinarily provided by……
Desirable : How are alloys ordinarily produced?

2. Present a definite, explicit and singular question or problem in the stem.
Undesirable : Pysycology…
Desirable : What is the science of mind and behavior called?

3. Eliminate excessive verbiage or irrelevant information from the stem
Undesirable : While ironing her formal, Jane burned her hand accidentally on
the hot iron. This was due to transfer of heat by……
Desirable : Which of the following ways of heart transfer explains why
Jane’s hand was burned after she touched a hot iron?

4. Include in the stem any words that might otherwise be repeated in each alternative.
Undesirable : In national elections in the United State the President is officially.
a. Chosen by the people
b. Chosen by the members of congress
c. Chosenby the House of Representatives
d. Chosen by Electoral Collage
Desirable : in national electors in the Unites State the Prisedent is officially
chose by ……………….?
a. the people
b. the House of Representatives
c. Member of Congress
d. The Electoral collage

5. Use negatively stated stems sparingly. When used, underline or copitalize the negative word.
Undesirable : Which of the following is not cited as an accomplishment of the
Kennedy administration?
Desirable : Which of the following is not cited as an accomplishment of the
Kennedy administration?

 The advantages in using Multiple-choice test

Multiple-choice test can provide:
1. Versatility in measuring all levels of cognitive ability.
2. Scoring efficiency and accuracy
3. Highly reliable test scores.
4. Objective measurement of student achievement or ability
5. A reduced guessing factor when compared to true – false test.
6. A wide sampling of content or objectives.
7. Different response alternative which can provide diagnostic feedback.

 The disadvantages in using Multiple-choice test
1. Multiple-choice test are difficult and more consuming to construct
2. Multiple-choice lead an instructor to favour simple recall of facts.
3. Multiple-choice place a high degree of dependence on the students reading ability and instructors writing ability.


2. True-false Tests
Problem because the form of stament. The statement is correct and there is nothing wrong. The person in charge was asked to mark each statement by circling the letter T if the statement is correct/ true in his opinion and cirling the letter F if the statement is wrong / false.

 Suggestion for true-false test
1. Express the item statement as simply and a clearly as possible.
Undesirable : Which you can see a highway with a marker that reads,
“Interstate does ” you know that contruction and upkeep of that
road is maintained by The state and federal government.
Desirable : The conviction and maintenance of insterstate highywat is
provided by both state and federal government.

2. Base true-false item upon statements that are absolutelt true or false, without qualifications or exceptions.
Undesirable : Nearsightedness is hereditary in origin.
Desirable : Genetics and eye specialists believe that the predisposition to
Nearsightedness I hereditary.

3. Include enough background onformation and qualifications so that the ability to respond correctly the item does not depend on some special, uncommond knowledge.
Undesirable : The second principle of education is that the individual gathers
Knowledge
Desirable : According to John Dewey, the second principle of education is
that the individual gathers knowledge.

4. Express a single idea in each test item.
Undesirable : Water wil boil at a hinger temperature if the athmospheric
pressure on its surface is increased and more heat is applied to the
container.
Desirable : Water wil boil at a hinger temperature if the athmospheric
pressure on its surface is increased or water will boil at a higher
temperature if more heat is applied to the container.

5. Avoid lifting statement fronm the text, lecture, or other materials so that memory alone will permit a correct answer.
Undersirable : For every action there is an oppsite and equal reaction.
Desirable : If you were to stand in a canoe and rhrow a life jacket forward to
Another canoe, chances are your canoe would jerk backward.

 The advantages in using true-false test.
True-false items can provide:
1. Scoring efficiency & accuracy
2. The widest sampling of content or objectives per unit of testing time.
3. Versatility in measuring all levels of cognitive ability.
4. Highly reliable test scores.
5. An objective measurement of student achievement or ability.

 Disadvantages in using true-false test.
1. Can often lead an instructor to write ambiguous statements due to the difficulty of writitng are unequivocally true or false.
2. Do not discriminate between students of varying abililty as well as other item type.
3. Can often include more irrelevant clues than do other item types.
4. Incorporate an extemely high guessing factor. For simple true-false items, each student has a 50/50 chance of correctly answering the item without any knowledge of the items content.
5. Can often lead an instructor to testing of trivial knowledge.

3. Completion Test (Field tests)
We would call completion test by the item field tests, the tests complete, or complete the test. Completion test consist of sentences that are its parts are removed. The omitted or be filled BT students is an understanding that we ask of student.

 Suggestions for completion test items.
1. Do not omit so many words from the statement that the intended meaning is lost.
Undesirable : the were to Egypt as the were to Persia and as
Were to the early tribes of Israel.
Desirable : The Pharaohs were to Egypt as the were to Persia an as were to
The early tibes to Israel.
2. Omit only significant words from the statement.
Undesirable : Every atom has a central (core) called nucleus.
Desirable : Every atom has a central core called a (n) nucleus.


 The advantages in using Completion tests.
Completion test items can provides:
1. A wide sampling of content.
2. Minimize guessing as compared to multiple-choice or true –false items
3. Effeciently measure lower levels of cognitives ability.
4. Usually provide an objectivfe measure of student achievement or ability

 Disadvantages in using Completion tests.
Completion test items:
1. Are difficult to contruct so that the desired response is clearly indicated.
2. Can often include more irrelevent clues than do other item types.
3. Is more time consuming so score when compared to multiple-choice or true-false items.
4. Have difficulty measuring learning objectives requiring more than simple recall of information.
5. Are more difficult to score since more than one answer may have to be considered correct if the item was not properly written.